Infectious Diseases

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Module Overview

Sub-Modules

1 Subject

Infectious Diseases

6 Exercises • 306 Learning Materials

Acute Bronchitis

Introduction

Etiologic Agents in Acute Bronchitis

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Table - Drugs for the Symptomatic Management of Acute Bronchitis

Talking Points When Patients Request Antibiotics for Acute Bronchitis

Natural Health Products

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Suspected Acute Bronchitis

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Pharyngitis

Introduction

Investigations

Modified Centor Score

Comparison of Common Laboratory Tests Used in Acute Pharyngitis

Prevention / Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Table - Antibacterials Used for the Treatment of Pharyngitis

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Acute Sore Throat

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Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Introduction

Pathogens in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Investigations

Assessment of Illness Severity

Pneumonia Severity of Illness (PSI) Score

Empiric Therapy

Table 1 - Anti-infectives for the Treatment of Pneumonia

Table 2 - Anti-infectives for the Treatment of Pneumonia

Antibiotic Therapy for 'CAP' caused by Specific Pathogens

Duration of Antibiotic Therapy

Aspiration Pneumonia

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia

Corticosteroids

COVID-19 Pneumonia

Influenza Pneumonia

Prevention of Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Acute Otitis Media

Introduction

Investigations

Prevention

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Analgesics

Antibiotics

Antibiotic Treatment Recommendations for Acute Otitis Media

Table - Antibiotics for Acute Otitis Media

Algorithm - Management of AOM Using a Risk Factor - Based Approach

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Infective Endocarditis

Introduction

Investigations

Definition of Infective Endocarditis According to the Modified Duke Criteria

Definition of Terms - Modified Duke Criteria for Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Treatment of Staphylococcal Native or Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

Treatment of Viridans Group Streptococci and Streptococcus bovis Endocarditis

Treatment of Enterococci in Native or Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

Table 1 - Intravenous Therapy for Infective Endocarditis

Table 2 - Intravenous Therapy for Infective Endocarditis

Underlying Conditions for Which Antibiotic Prophylaxis Is Suggested

Dental / Surgical Procedures - Endocarditis Prophylaxis for Patients with Cardiac Conditions

Antibiotic Regimens for Endocarditis Prophylaxis in Dental Procedures

Prevention of Infective Endocarditis

Bacterial Meningitis

Introduction

Epidemiology

Investigations - History and Clinical Presentation

Investigations - Laboratory

Investigations - Imaging

Principles of Antibacterial Therapy

Bacterial Meningitis: Probable Pathogens and Empiric Therapy

Antibacterial Regimens for Specific Pathogens in Uncomplicated Bacterial Meningitis

Table 1 - Intravenous Antibacterial Therapy for Bacterial Meningitis

Table 2 - Intravenous Antibacterial Therapy for Bacterial Meningitis

Adjunctive Corticosteroids

Antibacterial Selection for Meningitis Postexposure Prophylaxis

Table - Drug Therapy for Postexposure Prophylaxis for Bacterial Meningitis

Prevention

Table - Vaccines for Prevention of Bacterial Meningitis

Acute Osteomyelitis

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Initial Empiric Antibacterial Therapy for Acute Osteomyelitis

Definitive Antibacterial Therapy for Acute Osteomyelitis

Pharmacologic Choices

Table 1 - Antibiotics for the Treatment of Acute Osteomyelitis

Table 2 - Antibiotics for the Treatment of Acute Osteomyelitis

Algorithm - Management of Acute Osteomyelitis

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Acute Sinusitis

Introduction

Investigations

Red Flags - Symptoms Associated with Complicated Disease

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Principles of Therapy in Acute Rhinosinusitis

Symptom Management

Antibiotic Therapy

Failure of First-Line Therapy

Recommended Empiric Therapy for Bacterial Rhinosinusitis in Children and Adults

Duration of Therapy

Table 1 - Antibiotics for Bacterial Rhinosinusitis

Table 2 - Antibiotics for Bacterial Rhinosinusitis

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Assessment and Management of Acute Rhinosinusitis

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Urinary Tract Infection

Introduction

Clinical Features and Diagnosis of UTI

Recommended Empiric Treatment of UTI

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and Trimethoprim

Nitrofurantoin

Fosfomycin Tromethamine

Fluoroquinolones

Cephalosporins

Penicillins - Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin/clavulanate / Related

Aminoglycosides

Carbapenems

Natural Health Products

Management of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

Management of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Recurrent Acute Uncomplicated UTI

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New Drug Approvals

Travelers Diarrhea

Introduction

Travellers’ Diarrhea Definitions

Travellers’ Diarrhea Pathogens

Investigations

Prevention of Travellersʼ Diarrhea - Nonpharmacologic Choices

Prevention of Travellersʼ Diarrhea - Pharmacologic Choices

Self-Treatment of Travellersʼ Diarrhea

Travellersʼ Diarrhea in Children

Table - Drugs Used for the Prevention and Treatment of Travellersʼ Diarrhea

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Self-Management of Travellersʼ Diarrhea in Adults

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Diabetic Foot Infections

Introduction

Investigations

Differential Diagnosis of Diabetic Foot Infection

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Empiric Therapy for Infection in the Diabetic Foot

Antimicrobial Therapy

Table 1 - Commonly Used Antibiotics for Treating Diabetic Foot Infections

Table 2 - Commonly Used Antibiotics for Treating Diabetic Foot Infections

Prevention of Diabetic Foot Infections

Algorithm - Primary Care Screening Evaluation of Diabetic Foot

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Algorithm - Evaluation and Initial Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections

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Sexually Transmitted Infections (STD)

Introduction

Investigations

Infections Characterized by Vaginal Discharge

Differential Diagnosis of Vaginal Discharge

Pharmacologic Choices

Table - Antibiotics for the Treatment of Trichomoniasis

Table - Antibiotics for the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis

Table - Antifungals for the Treatment of Symptomatic Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Infections Characterized by Urethritis and Cervicitis

Pharmacologic Choices

Table - Antibiotics for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Chlamydia Infection

Table - Antibiotics for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Anogenital Gonorrhea Infection

Treatment of Sexual Contacts

Infections Characterized by Genital Ulcers

Table - Antibiotics for the Treatment of Syphilis

Table - Antibiotics for the Treatment of Lymphogranuloma Venereum

Management of Anogenital Warts

Table - Topical Drugs for the Treatment of External Anogenital Warts

Table - Vaccines for the Prevention of External Anogenital Warts

Management of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Table - Antibiotic Therapy for Inpatient Management of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Table - Antibiotic Therapy - Outpatient Management of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Vaginitis and Cervicitis

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Algorithm - Management of Urethritis and Epididymo-orchitis

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Algorithm - Management of Genital Ulcers: Herpes, Lymphogranuloma Venereum and Syphilis

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Algorithm - Management of Anogenital Warts

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Algorithm - Management of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

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Tuberculosis

Introduction

Investigations

Investigations for TB Disease

Investigations for pulmonary TB

Investigations for extrapulmonary TB

Infection Prevention and Control

Risk Factors Associated with TB

Potential Causes of False-Positive and False-Negative TST Results

Recommended De-isolation Requirements for Pulmonary TB

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)

Interpretation of TST Results in the Diagnosis of TB Infection

TB Preventive Therapy Regimens

First-Line Treatment Regimens for Pulmonary TB Disease

Tuberculosis Infection

Tuberculosis Disease

Table - First-Line Antibiotics for the Treatment of M. tuberculosis

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Anti-tuberculous Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Tuberculosis in Special Populations

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Disease

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Malaria Prevention

Introduction

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Malaria Prophylaxis in Children

Table 1 - Drugs Used for Malaria Chemoprophylaxis

Table 2 - Drugs Used for Malaria Chemoprophylaxis

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Malaria Prophylaxis

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Influenza

Introduction

Investigations

Prevention - Nonpharmacologic Choices

Prevention - Pharmacologic Choices

Treatment

Table - Drugs Used for the Prevention and Treatment of Influenza

Recommended Recipients of Seasonal Influenza Immunization

Table - Vaccines, viral

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Prevention and Control of Influenza in the Long-Term Care Setting

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Algorithm - Treatment of Uncomplicated Influenza-Like Illness in the Community

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Herpes Virus Infections

Introduction

Orolabial HSV Infection

Table - Antivirals for Orolabial and Mouth HSV Infections

Anogenital HSV Infection

Table - Antivirals for Anogenital HSV Infections

Eczema Herpeticum

HSV Encephalitis

Table - Antivirals for HSV Encephalitis

Aseptic Meningitis, Including Recurrent (Mollaret) Lymphocytic Meningitis

HSV Keratoconjunctivitis

Table - Antivirals for HSV Keratoconjunctivitis

Chickenpox (Varicella-Zoster Virus)

Shingles

Table - Antivirals for VZV and HSV infections of the Skin

Table - Vaccines for Prevention of Chickenpox and Shingles

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Herpes Zoster

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus – HIV

Introduction

Investigations

Management of Patients with HIV Infection

Pharmacologic Choices

Antiretroviral Regimen Options for Initial Therapy

Table - Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NtRTIs)

Table - Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

Table - Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)

Table - Protease Inhibitors (PIs)

Table - Integrase Inhibitors

Table - Entry Inhibitors

Table 1 - Combination Antiretrovirals

Table 2 - Combination Antiretrovirals

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Human Immunodeficiency Virus – HIV

Exercise

Opportunistic Infections in HIV-positive Patients

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Preventive Interventions for People Living with HIV

Discontinuation of Prophylaxis

Clinical Syndromes

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)

Management of Specific HIV-Associated Infections

Table - Drugs for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus in People with HIV

Table - Drugs for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex Infections

Table - Drugs for Treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii and Toxoplasma gondii Infections

Table - Drugs for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Fungal Infections

Table - Drugs for Treatment of Bartonellosis

Table - Drugs for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Infections

Table - Drugs for Treatment of Intestinal Protozoa

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Preferred Agents during Pregnancy

Opportunistic Infections in HIV-positive Patients

Exercise

Infections in the Cancer Patient

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Antibacterial Therapy

Table - Drugs Used to Treat Bacterial Infections in Cancer Patients

Antifungal Therapy

Table - Drugs Used to Treat Fungal Infections in Cancer Patients

Antiviral Therapy

Table - Drugs Used to Treat Viral Infections in Cancer Patients

Supportive Care Measures

Prevention of Infection in Cancer Patients

Vaccination of Cancer Patients

Algorithm - Approach to Fever in Cancer Patients

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Algorithm - Management of Infection in Febrile Neutropenic Cancer Patients

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Bacterial Skin Infections

Introduction

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Systemic Agents

Table 1 - Systemic Antibiotics Used to Treat Bacterial Skin Infections

Table 2 - Systemic Antibiotics Used to Treat Bacterial Skin Infections

Topical Agents

Table - Topical Antibiotics Used in Superficial Bacterial Skin Infections

Prevention

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Bacterial Folliculitis

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Algorithm - Management of Impetigo

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Algorithm - Management of Nonpurulent Cellulitis

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Algorithm - Management of Purulent Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

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Algorithm - Management of Erysipelas

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Algorithm - Management of Human and Animal (e.g., Cat, Dog) Bites

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Fungal Skin Infections

Introduction

Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis of Fungal Skin Infections

Nonpharmacologic Therapy

Dermatophyte Infections

Yeast Infections: Pityriasis Versicolor (Tinea Versicolor)

Yeast Infections: Cutaneous Candidiasis

Table - Topical Antifungal Agents

Topical Antifungal use during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Natural Health Products

Monitoring of Therapy

Fungal Nail Infections

Introduction

Investigations

Differential Diagnoses of Fungal Nail Infections

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Topical Therapy

Systemic Therapy

Table - Antifungals for the Treatment of Onychomycosis

Chemical or Surgical Avulsion / Device-Based Therapy

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Onychomycosis

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MCQ / Case Studies - Antibiotics Basics

MCQ / Case Studies - Antibiotics - Basics

Exercise

MCQ / Case Studies - Bacterial Infections

Exercise

MCQ / Case Studies - Fungal Infections

Exercise

MCQ / Case Studies - Viral Infections

Exercise