OSPAP | GPhC

Course Instructor: Pharm Prep

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Course Overview

Schedule of Classes

Course Curriculum

26 Subjects

Cardiovascular

11 Exercises • 195 Learning Materials

Coronary Artery Disease / Stable Angina

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic choices

Drugs that Decrease or Prevent Angina

Drugs that Decrease the Risk of Cardiovascular Death and Nonfatal MI

Drugs that Increase the Risk of Cardiovascular Death and Nonfatal MI

Treating - Modifiable Risk Factors

Drug Table - Nitrates

Drug Table - Antiplatelet Agents

Drug Table - Antianginal

Drug Table - Beta1-Adrenergic Antagonists

Drug Table - Calcium Channel Blockers

Algorithms - Management of Stable Angina Pectoris

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Coronary Artery Disease

Exercise

Acute Coronary Syndromes & Myocardial Infarction

Introduction

Investigations

Therapeutic Choices: UA / NSTEMI

Therapeutic Choices: STEMI

Drug Table - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

Drug Table - Antiplatelet Agents

Drug Table - Fibrinolytics

Drug Table - Beta1-adrenergic Antagonists.

Drug Table - Calcium Channel Blockers

Drug Table - Heparin / Fondaparinux

Drug Table - Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists

Drug Table - Nitrates

Complications of STEMI

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithms - Management of UA / NSTEMI

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Algorithms - Management of STEMI

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Acute Coronary Syndromes & Myocardial Infarction

Exercise

Dyslipidemia

Introduction

Investigations

Criteria for Intervention

Framingham Heart Study (Estimating the 10-Year Risk of CVD)

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Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

Table – Statins

Statin – Indications / Adverse Effects

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors

Table - Ezetimibe – Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor

Fibrates

Table - Fibrates

Resins

Table – Resins (Bile Acid-Sequestering Agents)

Icosapent Ethyl (Omega-3 Fatty Acid)

Table - Icosapent Ethyl

PCSK9 Inhibitors

Table -PCSK9 Inhibitors

Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Inhibitors

Table – Lomitapide

Nicotinic Acid (Niacin)

Table - Niacin

Nonprescription Agents

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm – Management of dyslipidemia

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Algorithm – Management of Statin induced myopathy

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Dyslipidemia

Exercise

Hypertension

Introduction

AHA/ACC High Blood Pressure Guidelines: 2025

AHA/ACC Blood Pressure Categories: 2025 - Reference Table

Investigations

Diagnosis

Additional Laboratory Testing

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Effect of Lifestyle Changes on Blood Pressure

Pharmacologic Choices

Diuretics

Table - Thiazide and Thiazide-like Diuretics

Table - Diuretics – Potassium-Sparing

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Table - ACE Inhibitors

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Table - Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Direct Renin Inhibitors

Calcium Channel Blockers

Table - Calcium Channel Blockers

Beta1-Adrenergic Antagonists

Table - Beta1-Adrenergic Antagonists

Other Antihypertensive Drugs

Combination Therapy

Table - ACE Inhibitor/Calcium Channel Blocker Combinations

Table - ACE Inhibitor/Diuretic Combinations

Table -ARB / Diuretic Combinations

Table - Beta₁-Adrenergic Antagonist/Diuretic Combinations

Table - Calcium Channel Blocker/ARB Combinations

Table – CCB / HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Combinations

Table - Diuretic Combinations

Individualization of Antihypertensive Therapy

Adherence / Resistant Hypertension / Hypertensive Emergencies

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Diagnosis of Hypertension

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Hypertension

Exercise

Heart Failure

Introduction

Heart Failure - Classification / Symptoms and Signs

Investigations

Natriuretic Peptide / Diagnosis of Heart Failure

Factors That Can Exacerbate Heart Failure

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Treatment Decisions

Pharmacologic Choices - Diuretics

Agents - Treat Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Outcomes - Drugs Used for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Agents - Treat Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Drug Table - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Drug Table - Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

Drug Table - Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor Combination

Drug Table - Beta1-adrenergic Antagonists

Drug Table - If Current Inhibitor

Drug Table - Inotropic Agents

Drug Table - Loop Diuretics

Drug Table - Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (MRAs)

Drug Table - Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors

Drug Table - Thiazides and Related Diuretics

Drug Table – Vasodilators

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Evaluation of Patients with Heart Failure

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Algorithm - Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Heart Failure

Exercise

Stroke

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices - Acute Ischemic Stroke

Pharmacologic Choices - Ischemic Stroke

Table - Drugs Used to Treat Acute Ischemic Stroke

Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Treatment Criteria

Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Monitoring

Choices During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Hemorrhagic Stroke - Pharmacologic Choices

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Pharmacologic Choices

Table - Drugs Used to Treat Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Prevention of Ischemic Stroke

Investigations - Prevention of Ischemic Stroke

Nonpharmacologic Choices - Prevention of Ischemic Stroke

Pharmacologic Choices - Prevention of Ischemic Stroke

Table - Drugs Used in Secondary Prevention of Stroke

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - General Management of the Stroke Patient

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Algorithm - ED - Management of Patients with Suspected Stroke

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Algorithm – Secondary Prevention of Cerebral Ischemia

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Stroke

Exercise

Arrhythmias

Introduction - Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias

Investigations (VT/VF)

Significance of VT/VF

QT Prolongation and Arrhythmia Risk

Medications and QT Prolongation

Nonpharmacologic Choices (VT/VF)

Pharmacologic Choices (VT/VF)

Drug Table - Beta1-Adrenergic Antagonists - VT/ VF

Drug Table - Antiarrhythmics - VT/ VF

Algorithm - Management of Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia

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Algorithm - Long-Term Management of Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia

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Introduction - Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

Investigations (SVT)

Nonpharmacologic Choices (SVT)

Long-Term Management - Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter

Heart Rate Control - Patients with Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter

Anticoagulation for Paroxysmal, Persistent, Permanent Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter

Management of Re-entrant Tachycardias and Focal Atrial Tachycardia

Table - Drug Therapy for Control of Heart Rhythm in Patients with SVT

Table - Drug Therapy for Control of Heart Rate in Patients with SVT

Table - Drug Therapy - Prevention of Systemic Embolism in Patients with SVT

Algorithm - Rate versus Rhythm Control for Patients with Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation

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Arrhythmias

Exercise

DVT, PE, Anticoagulation

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Table - Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors

Table - Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

Table - Indirect Factor Xa Inhibitors

Table - Low Molecular Weight Heparins

Table - Unfractionated Heparin

Table - Vitamin K Antagonists

Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism

Table - Antiplatelet Agents - Prophylaxis of VTED

Table - Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors - Prophylaxis of VTED

Table - Direct Thrombin Inhibitors - Prophylaxis of VTED

Table - Indirect Factor Xa Inhibitors - Prophylaxis of VTED

Table - Low Molecular Weight Heparins - Prophylaxis of VTED

Table - Unfractionated Heparin - Prophylaxis of VTED

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Long-Term Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism

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DVT, PE, and Anticoagulation

Exercise

Intermittent Claudication

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Specific Therapy for Intermittent Claudication

Table - Drug Therapy for Intermittent Claudication

Intermittent Claudication

Exercise

Raynaud's Phenomenon

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Drugs Implicated in Secondary Raynaud Phenomenon

Table - Drugs Used for the Treatment of Raynaud Phenomenon

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Raynaud's Phenomenon

Exercise

Syncope

Introduction

Common Causes of Syncope

Investigations

Vasovagal Syncope

Orthostatic Hypotension

Table - Drugs for Treatment of Syndromes of Orthostatic Intolerance

Syncope

Exercise

Free Clinical Quiz

Respiratory

5 Exercises • 116 Learning Materials

Asthma

Introduction

GINA Assessment of Asthma Control

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Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Inhaled Corticosteroids

Table - Inhaled Corticosteroids

Table - Comparative Dosage for Inhaled Corticosteroids in Adults

Inhaled Beta2-agonists

Table - Beta2-Adrenergic Agonists

Combination – ICS and LABAs

Table - Combination – ICS and LABAs

Muscarinic Antagonists (Anticholinergics)

Table - Muscarinic Antagonists

Triple-Therapy Combination Products (ICS/LABA/LAMA)

Table - Triple-Therapy Combinations

Mast Cell Stabilizers

Table - Mast Cell Stabilizers

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists

Table - Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists

Methylxanthines

Table - Methylxanthines

Systemic Corticosteroids

Biologic Therapies for Severe Asthma

Table - Biologic Therapy: IgE-Neutralizing Antibody

Table - Biologic Therapy: Interleukin-5 (IL-5) Inhibitors

Table - Biologic Therapy: Anti-IL-4) and IL-13 Inhibitors

Table - Biologic Therapy: Anti-Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) Antibody

Immunotherapy in Asthma

Antibiotics

Prevention of Exacerbations / Vaccination

Inhaler Technique / Adherence

Step-Up / Step-Down Therapy

Asthma Action Plans

Emergency Treatment of Asthma

Special Populations

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Asthma for Adults and Adolescents (≥12 years)

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Algorithm - Management of Asthma Exacerbations in ED

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Asthma

Exercise

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Introduction

Investigations

Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Inhaled COPD Therapies

Delivery Systems - COPD Management

Drug Table - Inhaled Agents Used to Treat COPD

Oral COPD Therapies

Biologics

Oxygen Therapy

Vaccines

Treatment - Acute Exacerbations of COPD

Table - Empiric Antibiotic Therapy for Outpatient Acute Exacerbation of COPD

Algorithm - Pharmacologic Management of COPD

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Exercise

Pulmonary Hypertension

Introduction

Functional classification of pulmonary hypertension - WHO

Therapeutic Choices

Primary Therapy

Specific Therapy

Characteristics - Drugs used in specific therapy

Combination therapy

Non-pharmacologic Treatment

Pulmonary Hypertension

Exercise

Allergic and Viral Rhinitis

Introduction - Allergic Rhinitis

Patient Assessment

Drugs Associated with Rhinitis

Possible - Nonallergic Causes of Acute and Chronic Rhinitis

Prevention

Nonpharmacologic Therapy

Pharmacologic Therapy

First-Line Therapies - Allergic Rhinitis

Second and Third-Line Therapies - Allergic Rhinitis

Combination Therapies - Allergic Rhinitis

Comparative Symptom Relief - Allergic Rhinitis Therapies

Special Populations

Monitoring of Therapy

Drug Table - Antihistamines

Drug Table – Intranasal Corticosteroids

Drug Table – Intranasal Decongestants

Drug Table – Oral Decongestants

Drug Table – Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists

Introduction – Viral Rhinitis

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices - Viral Rhinitis

Pharmacologic Choices - Viral Rhinitis

Therapeutic Alternatives - Viral Rhinitis

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Drug Table – Viral Rhinitis

Algorithm - Management of Viral Rhinitis

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Allergic & Viral Rhinitis

Exercise

Smoking Cessation

Introduction

Health Risks

Table - Health Risks Associated with Tobacco Use

Patient Assessment

Modified Fagerström Nicotine Tolerance Scale

Nonpharmacologic Therapy

Pharmacologic Therapy

Nicotine Replacement Therapy

Table - Nicotine Gum/Chewing

Table - Nicotine Lozenges

Table - Nicotine Inhaler

Table - Nicotine Mouth Spray

Table - Nicotine Transdermal Patch (Sustained-Release NRT)

Non-nicotine Pharmacotherapy

Table - Non-Nicotine Therapy: Clonidine

Table - Non-Nicotine Therapy: Bupropion

Table - Non-Nicotine Therapy: Nortriptyline

Table - Non-Nicotine Therapy: Cytisine

Table - Non-Nicotine Therapy: Varenicline

Combination Therapy

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Older Adults / Children / Adolescents

Smokeless Tobacco

Smokeless Tobacco - Cigarette Equivalence - NRT Dosing Guide

Drug Interactions

Table - Drug/Class and Suggested Clinical Management

Monitoring of Therapy

Algorithm – Smoking Cessation

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Smoking Cessation

Exercise

Endocrine & Metabolic

3 Exercises • 86 Learning Materials

Diabetes

Introduction

Classification

Investigations

Diagnosis

HbA1c / Estimated Average Glucose (eAG) Conversion Table

Screening

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices - Type 1 Diabetes

Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Insulin Products

Insulin Regimens

Insulin Regimens - Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Adverse Effects of Insulin Therapy

Pharmacologic Choices - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Biguanides

Table - Biguanides

Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors

Table - Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors

Table - Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

Table - GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

Table - GIP + GLP-1 Receptor Agonist

Insulin Secretagogues: Sulfonylureas

Table - Sulfonylureas

Insulin Secretagogues: Meglitinides

Table - Meglitinides

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors

Table - Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

Table - Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

Insulin Regimens - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Targets for Control

Recommended Targets - Blood Glucose Control

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Management - Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Common Pitfalls in Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Examples of Drugs That Can Cause Dysglycemia

Drug Tables: Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogues

Drug Tables: Short-Acting Insulin

Drug Tables: Intermediate-Acting Insulin

Drug Tables: Long-Acting Insulin Analogues

Drug Tables: Mixed Insulin Analogues

Drug Tables: DPP4Is /Biguanide Combinations

Drug Tables: SGLT2Is / Biguanide Combinations

Drug Tables: LAIA/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Combinations

Algorithm - Screening and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

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Algorithm - Stepwise Approach to Type 2 Diabetes

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Algorithm - Preferred Strategy for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes

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Diabetes

Exercise

Thyroid Disorders

Hypothyroidism - Introduction

Investigations

Causes of Hypothyroidism

Pharmacologic Choices

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Table - Drugs Used in the Management of Hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism - Introduction

Causes of Hyperthyroidism

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Table - Drugs Used in the Management of Hyperthyroidism

Table - Beta1-adrenergic Antagonists

Table - Corticosteroids, systemic

Table - Iodine systemic

Thyroid Nodules and Goitre

Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer

Algorithm - Management of Thyroid Nodules

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Thyroid Disorders

Exercise

Obesity

Introduction

WHO - Classification: Overweight / Obesity - BMI

Edmonton Obesity Staging System

Strategies - Treatment of Obesity

Obesity Network - 5As of Obesity Management

Setting Treatment Goals

Investigations

Medications Associated with Weight Gain

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Appetite Suppressants

Incretins (GLP 1 and Related Therapies)

Lipase Inhibitors

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Table - Drugs Used for the Management of Obesity

Algorithm - Management of Obesity

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Obesity

Exercise

Gastrointestinal

7 Exercises • 140 Learning Materials

Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Introduction

Investigations

Alarm Symptoms: Dyspepsia and GERD

GERD: Triggers or Exacerbating Factors

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Efficacy - Drugs Used to Treat GERD

Management of GERD

Management of the Refractory Patient

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithms - Management of Patients with Dyspepsia and GERD

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Drug Table - Antacids

Drug Table - H2-receptor Antagonists

Drug Table - Proton Pump Inhibitors

Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Exercise

Dyspepsia & Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Introduction

Investigations

Non-Endoscopic Management of Dyspepsia

Dyspepsia with Normal Endoscopy

Treatment - PUD due to ‘Helicobacter pylori’ Infection

Helicobacter pylori - Eradication Regimens

Prevention of PUD - during ASA or NSAID Therapy

Treatment of PUD during ASA or NSAID Therapy

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Dyspepsia

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Drug Table - Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists

Drug Table - Mucosal Protective Agents

Drug Table - Neuromodulators

Drug Table - Promotility Agents

Drug Table - Proton Pump Inhibitors

Dyspepsia & Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Exercise

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Introduction

Investigations

Pharmacologic Choices

Aminosalicylates

Site-Specific Release of 5-ASA Products (examples)

Table: 5-Aminosalicylic Acid (5-ASA) Derivatives

Corticosteroids

Table - Corticosteroids – Systemic and Topical

Biologic Response Modifiers

Table - Biologic Response Modifiers

Immunomodulators

Table - Immunomodulators

Antibiotics / Antidiarrheals / Opiate Analgesics

Immunization

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Ulcerative Colitis

Crohn Disease

Ulcerative Proctosigmoiditis

Algorithm - Management of Crohn Disease

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Algorithm - Management of Ulcerative Colitis

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Algorithm - Management of Ulcerative Proctosigmoiditis

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Exercise

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Introduction

Investigations

Rome IV: Diagnostic Criteria / Bristol Stool Form Scale

Bristol stool form scale

Image

Nonpharmacologic Choices

IBS-Constipation Predominant

IBS-Diarrhea Predominant

IBS-Mixed Pattern

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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Drug Table - Antibacterials

Drug Table - Antidiarrheals

Drug Table - Antispasmodics

Drug Table - Bulk-Forming Agents

Drug Table - Guanylate Cyclase-C Agonists

Drug Table - Mixed Mu-Opioid Agonists and Delta Opioid Receptor Antagonists

Drug Table - Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Agonists

Drug Table - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Drug Table - Tricyclic Antidepressants

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Exercise

Liver Disorders

Introduction

Ascites (Portal Hypertension)

Investigations in Ascites

Therapeutic Choices - Ascites

Table - Drugs Used to Treat Ascites

Algorithm - Management of Ascites Secondary to Portal Hypertension

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Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)

Therapeutic Choices - SBP

Table - Drugs Used to Treat - SBP

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Table - Drugs Used to Treat Hepatic Encephalopathy

Algorithm - Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy

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Cholestatic Liver Disease

Therapeutic Choices - Cholestatic Liver Disease

Table - Drugs Used to Treat Cholestatic Liver Disease

Algorithm - Management of Cholestatic Symptoms

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Autoimmune Hepatitis

Therapeutic Choices - Autoimmune Hepatitis

Table - Drugs: Autoimmune Chronic Active Hepatitis / Alcohol-Related Hepatitis

Alcohol-Related Liver Disease

Therapeutic Choices - Alcohol-Related Liver Disease

Hereditary Hemochromatosis

Therapeutic Choices - Hereditary Hemochromatosis

Table - Drugs Used to Treat Iron Overload in Hemochromatosis

Wilson Disease

Therapeutic Choices - Wilson Disease

Table - Drugs Used to Treat Wilson Disease

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Liver Disorders

Exercise

Diarrhea

Introduction

Causes of diarrhea

Drugs Associated with Diarrhea

Patient Assessment

Red Flag - Signs and Symptoms

Signs / Symptoms of Dehydration

Prevention

Nonpharmacologic Therapy

Composition - Oral Rehydration Solution Preparations

Recipes - Homemade Oral Rehydration Solution

Diarrhea in Children

Oral Rehydration Solution - Non-breastfed Infants

Table - Nonprescription Drug Therapy for Diarrhea

Additional Pharmacologic Therapies for Diarrhea

Diarrhea in Pregnancy / Elderly

Monitoring of Therapy

Vaccines for Rotavirus Prevention

Algorithm - Management of Patients with Diarrhea

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Diarrhea

Exercise

Constipation

Introduction

ROME IV Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Functional Constipation

Medications / Conditions Associated with Chronic Constipation

Risk factors - chronic or acute constipation

Patient Assessment

Bristol Stool Form Scale

Image

Red Flag Symptoms Requiring Further Assessment

Prevention

Dietary Fibre in Selected Raw Foods

Nonpharmacologic Therapy

Pharmacologic Therapy

Treatment Considerations

Management - Chronic Constipation

Opioid-Induced Constipation

Constipation in Special Populations

Monitoring of Therapy - Constipation

Algorithm - Assessment and Treatment of Patients with Constipation

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Drug Table - Bulk-Forming Agents

Drug Table - Osmotic Agents

Drug Table - Lubricants

Drug Table - Stimulants

Drug Table - Stool Softeners

Drug Table - Guanylate Cyclase-C Agonists

Drug Table - Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Agonists

Drug Table - Enemas

Constipation

Exercise

Genitourinary

2 Exercises • 26 Learning Materials

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Introduction

Investigations

International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)

Therapeutic choices

Alpha1-adrenergic Receptor Antagonists

Table - Alpha1-adrenergic Receptor Antagonists

5-Alpha-reductase Inhibitors

Table - 5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors

Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors

Table - Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors

Combination Therapy

Table - Combination Therapy

Antidiuretic Hormone Analogues / Phytotherapeutic Agents

Table - ADH Analogues

Surgical intervention

Algorithm - Management of LUTS and BPH

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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Exercise

Urinary Incontinence

Introduction

Investigations

Modifiable Risk Factors - Urinary Incontinence in Adults

Stress Incontinence

Table - Drug Therapy for Stress Incontinence in Women

Urge Incontinence

Table - Drug Therapy for Urge Incontinence

Mixed Incontinence

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Urinary Incontinence in Adults

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Urinary Incontinence

Exercise

Renal

1 Exercises • 21 Learning Materials

Renal Disorders

Introduction

KDIGO Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Investigations

Risk Factors - Chronic Kidney Disease

Categories of Albuminuria -Tests to Quantify

Blood / Urine Screening Tests - Chronic Kidney Disease

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices - Antihypertensives

Individualized Blood Pressure Targets for Nondiabetic - CKD

Guidelines - choice of antihypertensive agent in CKD.

Monitoring ACEI / ARB Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease

Diabetic - Chronic Kidney Disease

Cardiovascular Risk Reduction - Patients with CKD

Drug Therapy Adjustment - Patients with CKD

Anemia - Stages G3–G5 CKD

Hyperkalemia - Stages G3–G5 CKD

Pruritus / Metabolic Acidosis / Mineral Metabolism - Stages G3–G5 CKD

Table - Drugs Used to Treat Chronic Kidney Disease

Algorithm - Investigation of Hematuria

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Algorithm - Antihyperglycemic Drugs for Patients with T2DM and CKD

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Algorithm - Initiating SGLT2 Inhibitor in T2DM

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Renal Disorders

Exercise

Blood Disorders

2 Exercises • 24 Learning Materials

Anemias

Introduction

Investigations

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Laboratory Measurements - Evaluation of Iron Status

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices - Iron Deficiency Anemia

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Megaloblastic Anemias

Pharmacologic Choices - Megaloblastic Anemias

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Anemias - Responsive to Erythropoiesis

Investigations

Pharmacologic Choices - Anemias - Responsive to Erythropoiesis

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Assessment of Anemia

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Drug Table - Iron Supplements, oral

Drug Table - Iron Supplements, parenteral

Drug Table - Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents

Drug Table - Vitamins

Anemias

Exercise

Sickle Cell Disease

Introduction

Drug therapies - sickle cell disease

Gene therapy - sickle cell disease

Table - Maximum Daily Adult Dosages for Sickle Cell Disease

Table - Maximum Daily Pediatric Dosages for Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle Cell Disease

Exercise

Psychiatry

6 Exercises • 123 Learning Materials

Depression

Introduction

Investigations

Diagnostic Criteria - Major Depressive Disorder

Monitoring Parameters for Depression

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Table - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

Table - Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

Dual Action Antidepressants

Table - Dual Action Antidepressants

Serotonin Modulators

Table - Serotonin Modulators

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Table - Tricyclic Antidepressants

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Table - Irreversible - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Classification of Antidepressants - Therapy

Antidepressant - Adverse Effects

Antidepressant - Discontinuation Syndrome

Atypical Antipsychotics

Table - Atypical Antipsychotics

Natural Health Products

Table - Natural Health Products

Rapid-Acting Therapy

Table - Rapid-Acting Therapy

Duration of Treatment / Relapse Prevention

Treatment-Resistant Depression

Switching Antidepressants

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Pharmacologic Treatment of Depression

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Depression

Exercise

Psychoses

Introduction

Differential Diagnosis - Psychotic Episodes

Prevention

Investigations

Investigations / Monitoring of Psychoses

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Basic Pharmacology of Antipsychotics

Treatment Considerations

Treatment - Comorbid Conditions

Side Effects of Antipsychotics

Antipsychotic-Induced Side Effects: Assessment, Monitoring and Management

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Acute Psychotic Episodes

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Table - Antipsychotics, first-generation, low potency

Table - Antipsychotics, first-generation, intermediate potency

Table - Antipsychotics, first-generation, high potency

Table 1- Antipsychotics, second-generation

Table 2 - Antipsychotics, second-generation

Psychoses

Exercise

Bipolar Disorder

Introduction

Description of Bipolar Disorder Episodes

Classification of Bipolar Disorder

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices - Manic Episodes

Pharmacologic Management - Acute Mania in Bipolar Disorder

Table - First-line Drug Therapy for Mania in Bipolar Disorder

Algorithm - Management of Acute Mania in Bipolar Disorder

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Pharmacologic Choices - Depressive Episodes

Pharmacologic Management - Acute Depression in Bipolar Disorder

Table - First-line Drug Therapy for Depression in Bipolar Disorder

Algorithm - Management of Depressive Episodes in Bipolar Disorder

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Maintenance Therapy - Bipolar Disorder

Table - Maintenance Treatment Regimens for Bipolar Disorder

Table - First-line Maintenance Therapy for Bipolar Disorder

Algorithm - Management of Maintenance Therapy for Bipolar Disorder

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Bipolar Disorder - Children and Adolescents

Bipolar Disorder - Elderly

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Bipolar Disorder

Exercise

Anxiety

Introduction

DSM-5 Classification of Anxiety Disorders

Investigations

Interview Questions - Screening of Anxiety Symptoms

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Panic Disorder

Agoraphobia / Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

Specific Phobia

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Anxiety Disorders

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Drug Table - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Drug Table - Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors

Drug Table - Tricyclic Antidepressants

Drug Table - Irreversible Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Drug Table - GABA Derivatives

Drug Table - Beta1-adrenergic Antagonists

Drug Table – Benzodiazepines

Drug Table – Antipsychotics, second-generation

Drug Table – Azapirones

Anxiety

Exercise

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Introduction

DSM-5 Criteria - Diagnosing ADHD

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Stimulants

Drug Table: Stimulants - Amphetamine-based Agents

Drug Table: Stimulants - Methylphenidate-based Agents

Atomoxetine

Table – Atomoxetine (Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor)

Alpha2-adrenergic Agonists

Table - Alpha2-adrenergic Agonists

Antidepressants

Table - Antidepressants

Antipsychotics

Table - Antipsychotics, Second-generation

Natural Health Products

Management - Adverse Effects of ADHD Treatment

Drug Holidays

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of ADHD in Children

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Exercise

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Introduction

Investigations

Diagnostic Criteria

Interview Questions - Obsessions / Compulsions

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Drug Table - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Drug Table - Second- and Third-Line Management of OCD

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Drug Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Exercise

Neurologic Disorders

7 Exercises • 150 Learning Materials

Parkinson's Disease

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Drug Therapy - Based on Parkinson Disease Progression

Treatment - Nonmotor Symptoms

Algorithm - Pharmacologic Management of Parkinson Disease

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Algorithm - Management of Levodopa-Associated Motor Complications

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Drug Table - Levodopa Preparations

Drug Table - Dopamine Agonists

Drug Table - Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors

Drug Table - N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonists

Drug Table - Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT) Inhibitors

Drug Table - Anticholinergic Agents

Parkinson's Disease

Exercise

Alzheimer's Disease

Introduction

Common Dementia Types / Presentation

Stages of Dementia

Investigations

Medications - That May Contribute to Dementia / Cognitive Impairment

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Drug Table - Cholinesterase Inhibitors

N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonists

Drug Table - N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonists

Other Therapies

Responsive Behaviors in Dementia - RBD

Pharmacologic Choices - RBD

Drug Table - Antipsychotics

Drug Table - Serotonergic Antidepressants

Prevention of Dementia

Algorithm - Management of Newly Diagnosed Dementia

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Alzheimer's Disease

Exercise

Seizures & Epilepsy

Introduction

Investigations

Clinical Features - Common Epileptic Seizure Types

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Basic principles - initiating ASM therapy

Pharmacologic Choices - Suggested Therapeutic Options

Management of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Adults

Managing - Adverse Effects of Antiseizure Medications

Discontinuing Antiseizure Medications

Contraception and Antiseizure Medications

Effect of Enzyme-Inducing ASMs on Contraceptive Methods

Impact of Antiseizure Medications (ASMs) on Hepatic Enzymes

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Seizures and Epilepsy

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Algorithm - First-Line Pharmacological Treatment of Epileptic Seizures

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Drug Table - Barbiturates

Drug Table - Benzodiazepines

Drug Table - Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Drug Table - Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Derivatives

Drug Table - Hydantoin Derivatives

Drug Table - Iminostilbene Derivatives

Drug Table - Succinimide Derivatives

Drug Table - Other Antiseizure Medications

Seizures & Epilepsy

Exercise

Migraine

Introduction

Diagnostic Criteria - Common Headache Disorders

Investigations

Headache Red Flags (SNNOOP10)

ID Migraine Screening Tool

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Tension-Type Headache

Migraine - Acute Treatment

Migraine - Preventive Therapy

Indications - Preventive Treatment of Migraine

Selection of Migraine Prophylactic Therapy

Medication-Overuse Headache

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Pharmacological Management of Headache During Pregnancy

Algorithm - Management of Patients with Headache

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Algorithm - Migraine Preventive Therapy

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Drug Table - Analgesics

Drug Table - Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Receptor Antagonist

Drug Table - Ergot Derivatives

Drug Table - Triptans

Drug Table – Triptan / NSAID Combination

Drug Table – Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs)

Drug Table – Antiepileptics

Drug Table – Antihistamines

Drug Table – Beta1-adrenergic Antagonists

Drug Table – Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Receptor Antagonist

Drug Table – Calcium Channel Inhibitors / Blockers

Drug Table – N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonists

Drug Table – Serotonin Antagonists

Drug Table – Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

Drug Table – Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies (CGRP)

Drug Table – Natural Health Products

Migraine

Exercise

Pain

Introduction - Acute Pain

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Oral Analgesics

Parenteral Analgesics

Topical / Local Anesthesia

Inhalation Pain Management

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Acute Pain

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Drug Table - Non-Opioid Analgesics -Treatment of Acute Pain

Drug Table - Opioid Analgesics -Treatment of Acute Pain

Introduction - Neuropathic Pain

Types of Neuropathic Pain

Definitions Related to Neuropathic Pain

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Chronic Neuropathic Pain

Chronic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain

Nerve Root Compression

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Acute Neuropathic Pain - Herpes Zoster

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Neuropathic Pain and First-Line Treatment Options

Algorithm - Management of Chronic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain

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Guidelines - Use of Opioids in Chronic Noncancer Pain

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Management of the Frail Elderly

Precautions - Drugs Used to Treat Neuropathic Pain in the Elderly

Table 1 - Drug Therapy - Chronic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain

Table 2 - Drug Therapy - Chronic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain

Table - Drug Therapy - Trigeminal Neuralgia

Pain

Exercise

Sleep disorders

Introduction – Insomnia

Investigations

Sleep History

Sleep Diary

Common Comorbidities / Medications Contributing to Insomnia

Screening Tools - Key Comorbidities in Insomnia

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Sleep Hygiene Guidelines

Components of CBT-I

Targeted Cognitive Barriers to Sleep

Pharmacologic Choices

Binding Affinity of Z-drugs and Benzodiazepines

Off-Label Agents Commonly Used for Comorbid Insomnia

Natural Supplements and Over-the-Counter Agents Used for Insomnia

Special Populations

Table - Approved Medications Used to Manage Insomnia

Algorithm - Assessment and Management of Insomnia

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Sleep disorders

Exercise

Multiple Sclerosis

Introduction

Types of Multiple Sclerosis

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Risk of Infection

Disease-Modifying Therapy / Risk of Immunosuppression

Risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy with MS - Therapy

Immunization

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Multiple Sclerosis

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Table - First-Line Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis

Table - Second-Line Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis

Table - Adjunctive Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis

Exercise

Musculoskeletal

4 Exercises • 71 Learning Materials

Osteoporosis

Introduction

Investigations

Risk Factors - Prompting Assessment for Osteoporosis (Measurement of BMD)

Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX)

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CAROC System: - Predict 10-Year Fragility Fracture Risk

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Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Table - Nutritional Supplements in Osteoporosis Management

Bisphosphonates

Drug Table - Bisphosphonates

Bisphosphonate Drug Holidays

Table - Bisphosphonates Drug Holiday Recommendations

RANK Ligand Inhibitors

Table - RANK Ligand Inhibitor – Denosumab

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Table - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)

Estrogen and Progesterone

Calcitonin

Table - Calcitonin Peptides

Parathyroid Hormone, Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide and Analogues

Table - Anabolic Agents

Romosozumab

Drug Table - Romosozumab

Strontium Ranelate

Combination Therapies

Corticosteroid-Induced Osteoporosis

Treatment - Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Algorithm - Bone Density, FRAX- or CAROC-Calculated 10-Year Fracture Risk in Osteoporosis Management

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Osteoporosis

Exercise

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Introduction

Investigations

Classification Criteria - Rheumatoid Arthritis

Baseline Evaluation - Disease Activity and Damage

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Poor Prognostic Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Conventional Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs

Table - Conventional Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs for RA

Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs

Table - Biologic DMARDs for RA

Targeted Synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs)

Table - Targeted Synthetic DMARDs

Discontinuation / Dosage Reduction of Biologic DMARDs

Safety - Biologic and Targeted Synthetic DMARDs

Recommendations - Vaccination in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Corticosteroids

Analgesia

Choices during Pregnancy

Algorithm - Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Rheumatoid Arthritis

Exercise

Gout & Hyperuricemia

Introduction

Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia

Drugs / Conditions Associated with Hyperuricemia and Gout

Gouty Flare

Gouty Flare - Therapeutic Choices

The ACR-EULAR Gout Classification Criteria

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Algorithm - Treatment of Acute Gout

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Intercritical Gout

Intercritical Gout - Therapeutic Choices

Algorithm - Treatment of Hyperuricemia

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Chronic Tophaceous Gout

Table - Drugs Used in the Management of Gout

Gout & Hyperuricemia

Exercise

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Introduction

Autoantibodies in SLE

Investigations

EULAR / ACR - SLE classification criteria

Image

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Table - Drugs Used in SLE

Algorithm - Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Exercise

Eye

1 Exercises • 28 Learning Materials

Red Eye

Introduction

Etiology of Red Eye

Investigations

Warning Signs - Ophthalmologist Referral

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Drug Table 1 - Anti-infectives for Red Eye

Drug Table 2 - Anti-infectives for Red Eye

Drug Table 3 - Anti-infectives for Red Eye

Drug Table - Ocular Lubricants for Red Eye

Drug Table - Ophthalmic Anti-allergy Agents for Red Eye

Drug Table - Ophthalmic Anti-inflammatories for Red Eye

Drug Table - Ophthalmic Vasoconstrictors / Decongestants for Red Eye

Glaucoma

Introduction

Investigations

Risk Factors - Development of Glaucoma

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Topical Agents to Treat Open-Angle Glaucoma

Oral Agents to Treat Open-Angle Glaucoma

Algorithm - Management of Open-Angle Glaucoma

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Drug Table - Alpha2-Adrenergic Agonists, ophthalmic

Drug Table - Beta-Blockers, ophthalmic

Drug Table - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, ophthalmic

Drug Table - Cholinergic Agonists, ophthalmic

Drug Table - Prostaglandin Analogues, ophthalmic

Drug Table - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, oral

Drug Table - Combinations, ophthalmic

Eye Disorders

Exercise

Cancer Chemotherapy

2 Exercises • 80 Learning Materials

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Introduction

Investigations

Emetogenic Potential - Intravenous Cancer Treatment Agents

Emetogenic Potential - Oral Cancer Treatment Agents

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Serotonin Antagonists

Table - Serotonin Antagonists

Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Table - Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Corticosteroids

Table - Corticosteroids

Dopamine Antagonists

Table - Dopamine Antagonists

Benzodiazepines

Table - Benzodiazepines

Cannabinoids

Table - Cannabinoids

Antihistamines and Anticholinergics

Algorithm - Prevention and Management of CINV

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Managing Side Effects - Chemotherapy & Radiation Therapy

Introduction

Common Classes of Cancer Therapies

Cardiac Toxicities - Chemotherapy

Dermatologic Toxicities - Chemotherapy

EENT Toxicities - Chemotherapy

Immunologic Toxicities - Chemotherapy

Gastrointestinal Toxicities - Chemotherapy

Hematologic Toxicities - Chemotherapy

Metabolic Toxicities - Chemotherapy

Musculoskeletal Toxicities - Chemotherapy

Neurologic Toxicities - Chemotherapy

Renal Toxicities - Chemotherapy

Reproductive Toxicities - Chemotherapy

Other Toxicities - Chemotherapy

Cardiac Toxicities – Radiation Therapy

CNS Toxicities – Radiation Therapy

Dermatologic Toxicities – Radiation Therapy

EENT Toxicity – Radiation Therapy

Gastrointestinal Toxicity – Radiation Therapy

Hematologic Toxicity – Radiation Therapy

Musculoskeletal Toxicity – Radiation Therapy

Renal / Genitourinary Toxicity – Radiation Therapy

Reproductive Toxicity – Radiation Therapy

Respiratory Toxicity – Radiation Therapy

Other Toxicities – Radiation Therapy

Anemia - Pharmacologic Therapy

Diarrhea - Pharmacologic Therapy

Neutropenia - Pharmacologic Therapy

Erectile Dysfunction - Pharmacologic Therapy

Extravasation - Pharmacologic Therapy

Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) - Pharmacologic Therapy

Hemorrhagic Cystitis - Pharmacologic Therapy

Hot Flashes - Pharmacologic Therapy

Mucositis and Oral Candidiasis - Pharmacologic Therapy

Peripheral Nerve Toxicity - Pharmacologic Therapy

Xerostomia (Dry Mouth) - Pharmacologic Therapy

Proctitis - Pharmacologic Therapy

Tumor Lysis Syndrome - Pharmacologic Therapy

EGFR Inhibitor–Associated Rash - Pharmacologic Therapy

Pneumonitis - Pharmacologic Therapy

Heart Failure - Pharmacologic Therapy

Pain Flare - Pharmacologic Therapy

Managing Side Effects - Chemotherapy & Radiation Therapy

Exercise

Breast cancer

Introduction

Types of Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer: Risk Factors / Prevention

Breast Cancer: Screening

Breast Cancer: Symptoms / Signs

Breast Cancer: Diagnosis

Breast Cancer: Stages

Breast Cancer: Types of Treatment

Surgery for Breast Cancer

Radiation for Breast Cancer

Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer

Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer

Targeted Drug Therapy for Breast Cancer

Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer

Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)

Treatment - Breast Cancer Stages I-III

Treatment - Stage IV (Metastatic) Breast Cancer

Treating Breast Cancer During Pregnancy

Cancer Chemotherapy

Exercise

Infectious Diseases

6 Exercises • 317 Learning Materials

Acute Bronchitis

Introduction

Etiologic Agents in Acute Bronchitis

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Table - Drugs for the Symptomatic Management of Acute Bronchitis

Talking Points - Antibiotics for Acute Bronchitis

Natural Health Products

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Suspected Acute Bronchitis

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Pharyngitis

Introduction

Investigations

Modified Centor Score

Comparison - Common Laboratory Tests Used in Acute Pharyngitis

Prevention / Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Table - Antibacterials - Treatment of Pharyngitis

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Acute Sore Throat

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Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Introduction

Pathogens in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Investigations

Assessment of Illness Severity

Pneumonia Severity of Illness (PSI) Score

Empiric Therapy

Table 1 - Anti-infectives for the Treatment of Pneumonia

Table 2 - Anti-infectives for the Treatment of Pneumonia

Antibiotic Therapy - 'CAP' caused by Specific Pathogens

Duration - Antibiotic Therapy

Aspiration Pneumonia

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - Pneumonia

Corticosteroids

COVID-19 Pneumonia

Influenza Pneumonia

Prevention of Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Acute Otitis Media

Introduction

Investigations

Prevention

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Analgesics

Antibiotics

Antibiotic - Treatment Recommendations AOM

Table - Antibiotics for Acute Otitis Media

Algorithm - Management of AOM Using a Risk Factor - Based Approach

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Infective Endocarditis

Introduction

Investigations

Infective Endocarditis - Modified Duke Criteria

Modified Duke Criteria - Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Treatment - Staphylococcal Native or Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

Treatment - Viridans Group Streptococci and Streptococcus bovis Endocarditis

Treatment of Enterococci in Native or Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

Table 1 - Intravenous Therapy for Infective Endocarditis

Table 2 - Intravenous Therapy for Infective Endocarditis

Antibiotic Prophylaxis - Underlying Conditions

Dental / Surgical Procedures - Endocarditis Prophylaxis for Patients with Cardiac Conditions

Antibiotic Regimens - Endocarditis Prophylaxis in Dental Procedures

Prevention - Infective Endocarditis

Bacterial Meningitis

Introduction

Epidemiology

Investigations - Clinical Presentation

Investigations - Laboratory

Investigations - Imaging

Principles - Antibacterial Therapy

Bacterial Meningitis: Probable Pathogens and Empiric Therapy

Antibacterial Regimens - Specific Pathogens in Uncomplicated Bacterial Meningitis

Table 1 - Intravenous Antibacterial Therapy for Bacterial Meningitis

Table 2 - Intravenous Antibacterial Therapy for Bacterial Meningitis

Corticosteroids

Antibacterial Selection - Meningitis Postexposure Prophylaxis

Table - Drug Therapy for Postexposure Prophylaxis for Bacterial Meningitis

Prevention

Table - Vaccines for Prevention of Bacterial Meningitis

Acute Osteomyelitis

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Initial Empiric Antibacterial Therapy - Acute Osteomyelitis

Definitive Antibacterial Therapy - Acute Osteomyelitis

Pharmacologic Choices

Table 1 - Antibiotics for the Treatment of Acute Osteomyelitis

Table 2 - Antibiotics for the Treatment of Acute Osteomyelitis

Algorithm - Management of Acute Osteomyelitis

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Acute Sinusitis

Introduction

Investigations

Red Flags - Symptoms Associated with Complicated Disease

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Principles of Therapy

Symptom Management

Antibiotic Therapy

Failure - First-Line Therapy

Recommended Empiric Therapy - Bacterial Rhinosinusitis

Duration of Therapy

Table 1 - Antibiotics - Bacterial Rhinosinusitis

Table 2 - Antibiotics - Bacterial Rhinosinusitis

Choices during - Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Assessment and Management of Acute Rhinosinusitis

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Urinary Tract Infection

Introduction

Clinical Features / Diagnosis - UTI

Recommended Empiric Treatment - UTI

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and Trimethoprim

Table - Folate Antagonists / Sulfonamide Combinations

Nitrofurantoin

Table -Nitrofuran Derivatives

Fosfomycin Tromethamine

Table - Fosfomycin Tromethamine

Fluoroquinolones

Table - Fluoroquinolones

Cephalosporins

Table - Cephalosporins

Penicillins - Amoxicillin / Amoxicillin/clavulanate / Related

Table – Penicillins / Related

Aminoglycosides

Table - Aminoglycosides

Carbapenems

Table - Carbapenems

Natural Health Products

Management - Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

Management - Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Recurrent Acute Uncomplicated UTI

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New Drug Approvals

Travelers Diarrhea

Introduction

Travellers’ Diarrhea - Definitions

Travellers’ Diarrhea - Pathogens

Investigations

Prevention - Nonpharmacologic Choices

Prevention - Pharmacologic Choices

Self-Treatment - Travellersʼ Diarrhea

Travellersʼ Diarrhea - Children

Table - Drugs Used for the Prevention and Treatment of Travellersʼ Diarrhea

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Self-Management of Travellersʼ Diarrhea in Adults

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Diabetic Foot Infections

Introduction

Investigations

Differential Diagnosis - Diabetic Foot Infection

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Empiric Therapy - Infection in the Diabetic Foot

Antimicrobial Therapy

Table 1 - Commonly Used Antibiotics for Treating Diabetic Foot Infections

Table 2 - Commonly Used Antibiotics for Treating Diabetic Foot Infections

Prevention - Diabetic Foot Infections

Algorithm - Primary Care Screening Evaluation of Diabetic Foot

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Algorithm - Evaluation and Initial Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections

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Sexually Transmitted Infections (STD)

Introduction

Investigations

Infections - Characterized by Vaginal Discharge

Differential Diagnosis - Vaginal Discharge

Pharmacologic Choices

Table - Antibiotics - Treatment of Trichomoniasis

Table - Antibiotics - Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis

Table - Antifungals - Treatment of Symptomatic Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Infections - Characterized by Urethritis and Cervicitis

Pharmacologic Choices - Gonorrhoeae / Chlamydia

Table - Antibiotics - Treatment of Uncomplicated Chlamydia Infection

Table - Antibiotics - Treatment of Uncomplicated Anogenital Gonorrhea Infection

Treatment of Sexual Contacts

Infections - Characterized by Genital Ulcers

Table - Antibiotics -Treatment of Syphilis

Table - Antibiotics -Treatment of Lymphogranuloma Venereum

Management - Anogenital Warts

Table - Topical Drugs - Treatment of External Anogenital Warts

Table - Vaccines - Prevention of External Anogenital Warts

Management - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Table - Antibiotic Therapy - Inpatient Management of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Table - Antibiotic Therapy - Outpatient Management of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Vaginitis and Cervicitis

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Algorithm - Management of Urethritis and Epididymo-orchitis

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Algorithm - Management of Genital Ulcers: Herpes, Lymphogranuloma Venereum and Syphilis

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Algorithm - Management of Anogenital Warts

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Algorithm - Management of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

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Tuberculosis

Introduction

Investigations

Investigations - TB Disease

Investigations - Pulmonary TB

Investigations - Extrapulmonary TB

Infection - Prevention and Control

Risk Factors Associated with TB

Potential Causes - False-Positive / False-Negative TST Results

Recommended De-isolation Requirements - Pulmonary TB

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)

Interpretation - TST Results - Diagnosis of TB Infection

TB - Preventive Therapy Regimens

First-Line Treatment Regimens - Pulmonary TB Disease

Tuberculosis Infection

Tuberculosis Disease

Table - First-Line Antibiotics - Treatment of M. tuberculosis

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Anti-tuberculous Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Tuberculosis in Special Populations

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Disease

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DS-TB (Updates)- 2025

Recommended Drug Regimens – ATS / CDC / ERS / IDSA Guidelines (2025)

Malaria Prevention

Introduction

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Malaria Prophylaxis - Children

Table 1 - Drugs Used for Malaria Chemoprophylaxis

Table 2 - Drugs Used for Malaria Chemoprophylaxis

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Malaria Prophylaxis

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Influenza

Introduction

Investigations

Prevention - Nonpharmacologic Choices

Prevention - Pharmacologic Choices

Treatment

Table - Drugs - Prevention / Treatment of Influenza

Recommended Recipients - Seasonal Influenza Immunization

Table - Vaccines, Viral

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Prevention and Control of Influenza in the Long-Term Care Setting

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Algorithm - Treatment of Uncomplicated Influenza-Like Illness in the Community

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Herpes Virus Infections

Introduction

Orolabial HSV Infection

Table - Antivirals for Orolabial and Mouth HSV Infections

Anogenital - HSV Infection

Table - Antivirals for Anogenital HSV Infections

Eczema Herpeticum

HSV - Encephalitis

Table - Antivirals for HSV Encephalitis

Aseptic Meningitis / Recurrent (Mollaret) Lymphocytic Meningitis

HSV Keratoconjunctivitis

Table - Antivirals for HSV Keratoconjunctivitis

Chickenpox (Varicella-Zoster Virus)

Shingles

Table - Antivirals - VZV and HSV infections of the Skin

Table - Vaccines - Prevention of Chickenpox and Shingles

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Herpes Zoster

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus – HIV

Introduction

Investigations

Management - Patients with HIV Infection

Pharmacologic Choices

Antiretroviral Regimen Options - Initial Therapy

Table - Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NtRTIs)

Table - Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

Table - Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)

Table - Protease Inhibitors (PIs)

Table - Integrase Inhibitors

Table - Entry Inhibitors

Table 1 - Combination Antiretrovirals

Table 2 - Combination Antiretrovirals

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Human Immunodeficiency Virus – HIV

Exercise

Opportunistic Infections in HIV-positive Patients

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Preventive Interventions - People Living with HIV

Discontinuation of Prophylaxis

Clinical Syndromes

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)

Management - Specific HIV-Associated Infections

Table - Drugs for Prophylaxis / Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus in People with HIV

Table - Drugs - Prophylaxis / Treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex Infections

Table - Drugs for Treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii and Toxoplasma gondii Infections

Table - Drugs for Prophylaxis / Treatment of Fungal Infections

Table - Drugs for Treatment of Bartonellosis

Table - Drugs for Prophylaxis / Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Infections

Table - Drugs for Treatment of Intestinal Protozoa

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Preferred Agents during Pregnancy

Opportunistic Infections in HIV-positive Patients

Exercise

Infections - Cancer Patient

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Antibacterial Therapy

Table 1 - Drugs - Treat Bacterial Infections in Cancer Patients

Table 2 - Drugs - Treat Bacterial Infections in Cancer Patients

Antifungal Therapy

Table - Drugs to Treat Fungal Infections in Cancer Patients

Antiviral Therapy

Table - Drugs Used to Treat Viral Infections in Cancer Patients

Supportive Care Measures

Prevention of Infection - Cancer Patients

Vaccination - Cancer Patients

Algorithm - Approach to Fever in Cancer Patients

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Algorithm - Management of Infection in Febrile Neutropenic Cancer Patients

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Bacterial Skin Infections

Introduction

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Systemic Agents

Table 1 - Systemic Antibiotics - Bacterial Skin Infections

Table 2 - Systemic Antibiotics - Bacterial Skin Infections

Topical Agents

Table - Topical Antibiotics - Superficial Bacterial Skin Infections

Prevention

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Bacterial Folliculitis

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Algorithm - Management of Impetigo

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Algorithm - Management of Nonpurulent Cellulitis

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Algorithm - Management of Purulent Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

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Algorithm - Management of Erysipelas

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Algorithm - Management of Human and Animal (e.g., Cat, Dog) Bites

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Fungal Skin Infections

Introduction

Characteristics / Differential Diagnosis - Fungal Skin Infections

Nonpharmacologic Therapy

Dermatophyte Infections

Yeast Infections: Pityriasis Versicolor (Tinea Versicolor)

Yeast Infections: Cutaneous Candidiasis

Table - Topical Antifungal Agents

Topical Antifungal - Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Natural Health Products

Monitoring of Therapy

Fungal Nail Infections

Introduction

Investigations

Differential Diagnoses - Fungal Nail Infections

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Topical Therapy

Systemic Therapy

Table - Antifungals - Treatment of Onychomycosis

Chemical or Surgical Avulsion / Device-Based Therapy

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Onychomycosis

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MCQ / Case Studies - Antibiotics Basics

MCQ / Case Studies - Antibiotics - Basics

Exercise

MCQ / Case Studies - Bacterial Infections

Exercise

MCQ / Case Studies - Fungal Infections

Exercise

MCQ / Case Studies - Viral Infections

Exercise

Skin Disorders

6 Exercises • 83 Learning Materials

Acne

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Topical Agents

Table 1 - Topical Therapy

Table 2 - Topical Therapy - Combination Products

Systemic Agents

Table 1 - Systemic Drug Therapy

Table 2 - Systemic Drug Therapy - Contraceptives, oral

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Acne

Image

Acne / Rosacea

Exercise

Atopic Dermatitis

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Table - Topical Treatments - Corticosteroids

Table - Topical Treatments - Antibiotic / Corticosteroid Combinations

Table - Topical Treatments - Calcineurin Inhibitors

Table - Topical Treatments - Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors / Barrier Repair Products

Selection - Topical Corticosteroid by Body Area

Selection - Topical Therapy by Vehicle

Estimating - Topical Therapy for 1 Application

Flare Prevention

Secondary Infection

Sleep Disturbance

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Atopic Dermatitis

Image

Atopic Dermatitis

Exercise

Pruritus

Introduction

Investigations

Physical Appearance / Management - Common Pruritic Skin Diseases

Medications - Associated with Pruritus

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Pharmacologic Choices

Table - Topical Antipruritics

Table - Systemic Therapy of Chronic Pruritus

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Pruritus

Image

Pruritus

Exercise

Psoriasis

Introduction

Scalp

Face

Hands and Feet

Differential Diagnosis - Plaque Psoriasis - Hands and Feet

Trunk and Extremities

Fold Areas

Differential Diagnosis of Psoriasis in Fold Areas

Nails

Severe or Treatment-Resistant Psoriasis

Table 1 - Topical Psoriasis Therapies

Table 2 - Topical Psoriasis Therapies

Table - Systemic Psoriasis Therapies - Biologic Agents

Table - Systemic Psoriasis Therapies - Immunosuppressives / Retinoids

Table - Corticosteroids based on Potency

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Management of Mild-Moderate Localized Plaque Psoriasis

Image

Psoriasis

Exercise

Lice / Scabies

Lice (Pediculosis)

Characteristics and Assessment of Lice

Diagnosis

Nonpharmacologic Therapy - Lice

Pharmacologic Therapy - Lice

Table - Topical Therapy for the Treatment of Head Lice

Monitoring of Therapy - Lice

Table - Monitoring of Therapy - Lice

Algorithm - Management of Head Lice

Image

Algorithm - Management of Pubic Lice

Image

Scabies

Characteristics / Assessment of Scabies

Nonpharmacologic Therapy - Scabies

Pharmacologic Therapy - Scabies

Table - Therapy for the Treatment of Scabies

Monitoring of Therapy for Scabies

Algorithm - Management of Scabies

Image

Lice and Scabies

Exercise

Sunburn

Introduction

Characteristics of Ultraviolet Radiation

UV Index and Risk of Sunburn

Prevention of Sunburn

Medications - That May Cause Phototoxic Reactions

Pharmacologic Choices

Organic (Chemical) Sunscreens

Sunscreen Labelling

Sunscreen Application

Safety of Sunscreens

Treatment of Sunburn

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Sunburn

Exercise

Men & Women’s Health

6 Exercises • 99 Learning Materials

Male / Female Sexual Dysfunction

Male Sexual Dysfunction

Investigations

Questions to Clarify Sexual History / Current Sexual Status

Etiologic Clues from Sexual History

Drugs Associated with ED, PE, DE, MHSDD

Management Recommendations - Graded Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Erectile Dysfunction - Nonpharmacologic Choices

Erectile Dysfunction - Pharmacologic Choices

Table - Drug Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction

Algorithm - Assessment and Management of Erectile Dysfunction

Image

Premature Ejaculation - Nonpharmacologic Choices

Premature Ejaculation - Pharmacologic Choices

Delayed Ejaculation

Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Female Sexual Dysfunction

Interviewing for Sexual Dysfunction

FSIAD & FOD

Drugs Associated with Female Sexual Dysfunction

FSIAD & FOD - Nonpharmacologic Choices

FSIAD & FOD - Pharmacologic Choices

Genito-pelvic Pain / Penetration Disorder

Factors Contributing to Genito-pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

Timing of Pain and Commonly Associated Condition

Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder - Nonpharmacologic Choices

Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder - Pharmacologic Choices

Erectile Dysfunction / Premature Ejaculation / HSDD

Exercise

Contraception

Introduction

Investigations and Assessments

Pharmacologic Choices

Combined Estrogen- and Progestin-Containing Contraceptives (COCs)

Table - Contraceptives, oral—combined estrogen (10 mcg EE) and progestin, monophasic

Table - Contraceptives, oral—combined estrogen (20 mcg EE) and progestin, monophasic

Table - Contraceptives, oral—combined estrogen (30 mcg EE) and progestin, monophasic

Table - Contraceptives, oral—combined estrogen (35 mcg EE) and progestin, monophasic

Table - Contraceptives, oral—combined estrogen and progestin, triphasic

Table - Contraceptives, transdermal

Table - Contraceptives, vaginal ring

Absolute Contraindications to Combined Oral Hormonal Contraception

Hormonal Activity of Combined Oral Contraceptives

Progestin-Only Contraceptives

Table - Contraceptives, progestin-only

Risks Associated with Hormonal Contraception

Management of Adverse Effects of Hormonal Contraceptives

HIV and Contraception

Emergency Postcoital Contraception

Table - Emergency Contraceptive Methods

Contraceptive Choices during Breastfeeding and Postpartum Period

Contraception

Exercise

Endometriosis

Introduction

Investigations

Endometriosis-Associated Pain

Surgical Management - Endometriosis-Associated Infertility or Pain

Analgesics

Hormonal Therapies - COCs / Progestin-Only Contraceptives

Hormonal Therapies - Androgen Agonists / GnRH agonists / antagonist

Table - Hormonal Therapies - COCs

Table - Progestin-Only Contraceptives / Analgesics

Table - Androgen Agonists / GnRH agonists / antagonist

Endometriosis-Associated Infertility

Table - Drugs Used for Endometriosis-Associated Infertility

Choices during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Algorithm - Endometriosis Management

Image

Endometriosis

Exercise

Dysmenorrhea

Investigations

Characteristics of Dysmenorrhea

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Table - NSAIDs commonly used for Dysmenorrhea

Combined Hormonal Contraceptives

Progestin-Only Contraceptives

Natural Health Products

Algorithm - Treatment of Dysmenorrhea

Image

Dysmenorrhea / Menorrhagia

Exercise

Menorrhagia

Introduction

Investigations

Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: FIGO Classification (PALM-COEIN)

Surgical Options

Hormonal Therapies

Antifibrinolytics

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Others

Table - Pharmacologic Therapies for the Management of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

Acute Bleeding

Table - Pharmacologic Therapy for the Management of Acute Menstrual Bleeding

Algorithm - Management of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

Image

Menopause

Introduction

Investigations

Nonpharmacologic Choices

Hormone Therapy

Contraindications - Estrogen and Progestogen Therapy

Compounded Bioidentical Hormone Therapy

Risks - Associated with Systemic Hormone Therapy

Table - Risks Associated with Hormone Therapy

Table 1 - Hormone Therapy Used in the Management of Menopausal Symptoms

Table 2 - Hormone Therapy Used in the Management of Menopausal Symptoms

Nonhormonal Pharmacological Therapies

Other Nonhormonal Therapies

Table - Nonhormonal Drugs Used in the Management of Menopausal Symptoms

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause

Table - Drugs Used in the Management of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause

Prevention of Osteoporosis with Hormone Therapy / Mood Changes / Cognition

Algorithm - Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms

Image

Menopause

Exercise

Pregnancy and Lactation

Exercise

Distinct Patient Groups

5 Exercises •

Acute & Critical Care Medicine

Exercise

Pediatric Health Conditions

Exercise

Cystic Fibrosis

Exercise

Transplantation

Exercise

Complex Case Studies

Exercise

Herbal Medication & Nutritional Supplements

1 Exercises • 9 Learning Materials

Herbs and Nutritional Supplements

Introduction

Key Preparation Methods / Forms

FDA - Regulation of Dietary Supplements

Regulation - Health Claims in Dietary Supplements

Dosing and Counseling

Herbs and Supplements (Table-1)

Herbs and Supplements (Table-2)

Herbs and Supplements (Table 3)

Herbs and Supplements (Table 4)

Herbs and Nutritional Supplements

Exercise

Immunization

2 Exercises • 36 Learning Materials

Immunology

Immune System Overview

Key Immunology Terms and Definitions

Table - Common Human Leukocytes: Functions and Surface Markers

Table - Common Cytokines and General Functions

Human Immunity and Immune Responses

Structure of an Antibody

Epitope–Antibody Interactions & B-Cell Activation

Intercellular Signaling by Cytokines

Effector Functions of Antibodies

Molecular Biology of Immune Responses – Laboratory Tests & Antibody Production

Genetic Basis for Antibody Synthesis, Development, Function & Immunopathology

Basis of Immunization

Hypersensitivities and Histamine Release

Autoimmune Diseases

Immunodeficiencies

Transplantation and Graft Rejection

Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTaP, DT, Td, Tdap) Vaccines

Haemophilus influenzae Vaccines

Pneumococcal Vaccines

Poliovirus Vaccines

Influenza Vaccines

Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine

Varicella Virus Vaccine (chickenpox vaccine)

Varicella Zoster Vaccine

Meningococcal (Meningitis) Vaccines

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (HPV Vaccine)

Rotavirus Vaccines

Hepatitis A Vaccines

Hepatitis B Vaccines

Combined Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Vaccines

Immunology

Exercise

Immunization

Exercise

Immunosuppressants

Immunosuppressive Agents

Glucocorticoids

Antiproliferative Antimetabolites

Calcineurin Inhibitors

Antilymphocyte Globulins

Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)

Compounding

3 Exercises • 8 Learning Materials

Compounding - Core Concepts

Introduction - Pharmacy Compounding / Regulation

Quality Assurance - Nonsterile Products

Quality Assurance - Sterile Products

Requirements for Compounding

Stabilization of the Preparation

Types - Compounded Preparations

Excipients - Pharmaceutical Compounding

Compounding Terms

Compounding - Core Concepts

Exercise

Compounding - Stability & Excipients

Exercise

Compounding - Preparation & Documentation

Exercise

Pharmaceutical Calculations / Biostatistics

5 Exercises • 46 Learning Materials

Introduction - Pharmaceutical Calculations

Systems of Measure

Metric System

Apothecaries’ System

Avoirdupois System

Moles and related units

Ratio and Proportions

Dimensional Analysis

Interpretation of Medication Orders

Percentage and Ratio Strength Calculations

Dilution, Concentration, and Alligation

Isotonic Solutions

Electrolyte Solutions

TPN calculations

Calculation of Doses

Calculations for Pediatric Doses

Stock Solutions

Reconstitution of Dry Powders

Intravenous Infusions, Parenteral Admixtures, and Flow Rates

Basic Mathematics

Exercise

Compounding - Calculations

Exercise

Enteral / Parenteral Nutrition - Calculations

Introduction to Nutrition

Delivery of Nutritional Support

Enteral Nutrition

Parenteral Nutrition

Administration - Parenteral Nutrition

Components - Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

Monitoring Parameters - Parenteral Nutrition

Complications - Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

Enteral / Parenteral Nutrition

Exercise

Clinical Pharmacy Practice - Calculations

Exercise

Biostatistics

Basic Concepts (Biostatistics)

Data Management

Descriptive Statistics

The Ordered Array

Grouped Data

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

Evaluation of Screening Tests

Estimation

Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Testing - Population Mean / Population Proportion

Simple Linear Regression and Correlation Analyses

Chi-Square Tests

Nonparametric Tests

Limitation of Statistical Analysis

Components - Clinical Trial

Assessing Clinical Trial Results

Evaluating Clinical Trials

Study Types in Clinical Research

Research - FDA Drug Approval Process

Biostatistics

Exercise

Brands / Generics / Indications

1 Exercises • 14 Learning Materials

Nonprescription Products (OTC Drugs)

Common OTC Therapeutic Categories

Special Considerations When Using OTC Products

OTC Cough and Cold – Risk Assessment

OTC Remedies – Cough and Cold

OTC Remedies – OTICS (Ear Drops)

OTC Remedies – Ophthalmics (Eye Medications)

OTC Remedies – Pain and Fever

OTC Remedies – Sleep Aids and Stimulants

OTC Remedies – First Aid

OTC Remedies – Topical Agents for Common Skin Conditions

OTC Remedies – Antihistamines

OTC Remedies: Constipation, Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting

OTC Remedies – Smoking Cessation

Brands / Generics / Indications

Exercise

PHARMACY PRACTICE -2

10 Exercises • 65 Learning Materials

Drug References / Drug Information Resources

Pharmacist - Drug Information Specialist

Primary Literature

Secondary Literature

Tertiary Literature

Table: Common Examples of Tertiary Literature

Drug References

Exercise

Reviewing / Dispensing / Compounding Prescriptions

Dispensing

National Drug Code (NDC) Number

Barcode Technology

Checking - Expiration Dates

Checking - Drug Interactions

Identification and Verification of Drugs

Determining Availability / Dosage Forms of Drugs

Identifying Drug Products by Physical Characteristics

Interpreting Pharmacokinetic Parameters / Bioequivalence Standards

Packaging / Storage / Handling

Administration of Medications

Disposal of Medications

Devices - Medication Administration

Additional - Medication Counseling Responsibilities

Reviewing / Dispensing / Compounding Prescriptions

Exercise

Pharmaceutical Care and Disease State Management

Exercise

Drug Interactions

Introduction - Drug Interactions

Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions

Table - Substrates, Inhibitors, and Inducers of CYP 450 Isoforms

Pharmacodynamic Drug Interactions

Categories of Drug Interactions

Role of the Pharmacist

Drug Interactions

Exercise

Adverse Drug Reactions / Reporting

Adverse Drug Reactions

Exercise

Clinical Toxicology

Introduction

General Approach to Toxicology

Decontamination

Acetaminophen - Toxicity and Management

Anticholinergics - Toxicity and Management

Benzodiazepine - Toxicity and Management

Digoxin – Toxicity and Management

Salicylates – Toxicity and Management

Cyclic Antidepressants – Toxicity and Management

Sympathomimetics – Toxicity and Management

Warfarin and Oral Anticoagulants – Toxicity and Management

Beta Blockers – Toxicity and Management

Calcium Channel Blockers – Toxicity and Management

Cyanide – Toxicity and Management

Ethylene Glycol (Antifreeze) – Toxicity and Management

Iron – Toxicity and Management

Opioids – Toxicity and Management

Organophosphates – Toxicity and Management

Clinical Toxicology

Exercise

Intravenous Medication

Exercise

Laboratory Tests / Monitoring

Introduction

International System of Units (SI), Conventional Units, and Reporting

Reference Ranges and Interpretation

Electrolytes / Minerals / Acid-Base / Serum Enzymes

Renal Tests

Urinalysis

Liver Function Tests

Hematologic Tests

Endocrine Tests

Laboratory Tests / Monitoring

Exercise

Quality / Medication Safety

Exercise

Patient Education / Counseling

Patient Counseling

Medical Term / Consumer Term

Steps - Effective Patient Counseling

Patient Considerations for Counseling

Adverse Reaction - Concerns

Appropriate Drug Use

Safety / Compliance / Product Understanding

Strategies to Improve Medication Compliance

Emergency and Non–Self-Care Considerations

Health Promotion and Disease Monitoring

Preventative Health Measures

Dietary Supplements: Uses / Adverse Effects / Toxicities

Selection, Use, Care - Medical / Surgical Appliances / Devices

Patient Education / Counseling

Exercise

PHARMACY PRACTICE & SCIENCE

11 Exercises • 70 Learning Materials

Fundamental Principles

Exercise

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms:

Exercise

Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

Physicochemical Characteristics

States of Matter

Gases

Liquids

Solids

Types of Systems

Solubility

Table - Solubility Terms According to the U.S. Pharmacopeia

Biological Principles of Dosage Forms

Oral Administration

Parenteral Administration

Rectal Administration

Pulmonary Drug Delivery

Topical Administration

Dosage Form Stability and Drug Degradation

Materials / Methods Used in Preparation and Use of Drug Forms

Table - Commonly Used Excipients in Tablets

Table - Commonly Used Excipients in Capsules

Commonly Used Excipients in Liquid Dosage Forms

Biopharmaceutics

Exercise

Pharmacodynamics

Exercise

Pharmacokinetics

Introduction to Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

Elimination / Clearance

Linear Pharmacokinetics

Non-linear Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics

Exercise

Clinical Pharmacokinetics & Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)

Introduction to Clinical Pharmacokinetics

Scope of Clinical Pharmacokinetics in Clinical Practice

Basic Pharmacokinetic Parameters

Nomograms and Tabulations in Designing Dosage Regimens

Conversion from Intravenous (IV) to Oral Dosing

Determination of Dose and Dosing Interval

Drug Dosing in Special Populations – Elderly

Drug Dosing in Special Populations – Pediatrics

Drug Dosing in Special Populations – Obese Patients

Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions

Inhibition and Induction of Drug Metabolism

Inhibition of Biliary Excretion

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)

Indications for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)

Protocol for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)

Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) Correlation in Drug Therapy

TDM in – Cardiovascular Diseases

TDM in – Seizure Disorders

TDM in – Psychiatric Conditions

TDM in – Organ Transplantation

Dosage Adjustment in Renal & Hepatic Disease

Population Pharmacokinetics (PopPK)

Bayesian Theory in Population Pharmacokinetics

Adaptive Dosing (Feedback Method)

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic (PopPK) Data

CASE STUDY: Calculating Loading and Maintenance Dose (Vancomycin)

CASE STUDY: Calculating Loading and Maintenance Dose (Gentamicin)

CASE STUDY: Dose Adjustment Using TDM (Vancomycin)

CASE STUDY – Renal Dose Adjustment (Vancomycin in CKD)

CASE STUDY – ICU Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (Amikacin)

CASE STUDY – Pediatric TDM (Gentamicin in Children)

CASE STUDY – Hepatic Impairment Dose Adjustment (Phenytoin)

CASE STUDY – Drug-Drug Interaction (Warfarin + Amiodarone)

CASE STUDY – Anticoagulation TDM (Heparin)

CASE STUDY – Population PK Analysis (Gentamicin)

CASE STUDY – Bayesian Adaptive Dosing (Phenytoin)

Bioavailability and Bioequivalence

Exercise

Biotransformation / Prodrugs / Pharmacogenetics

Exercise

Pharmacogenomics

Introduction to Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacokinetic Effects of Genetic Variants

Pharmacodynamic Effects of Genetic Variants

Genetic Predispositions - That Affect Drug Response

Benefits - Understanding Pharmacogenomic Variables

Testing for Pharmacogenomic Data

Table - Drugs With Known Pharmacogenomic Variables

Table - Drugs with Pharmacogenomic Variables

Pharmacogenomics

Exercise

Sterile Products

Sterile Products:

Exercise

Biotechnology Products

Exercise

New Product Development

Exercise

PHARMACY FOUNDATION - 1

4 Exercises • 51 Learning Materials

Biochemistry

Proteins

Common Post-translational Modification of Specific Amino Acids

Carbohydrates

Common Carbohydrates: Their Occurrences, Structures, and Uses

Carbohydrate Elements of the Human ABO Blood Groups

Fatty Acids and Lipids

Major Fatty Acids of Glycerophospholipids

DNA and RNA

Enzymes

Enzyme Kinetics

Enzyme Turnover Number

Common Water-Soluble and Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Metabolic Energy Production from Carbohydrates and Lipids

Nucleic acid metabolism

Recombinant DNA technology

Biochemistry

Exercise

Organic Chemistry

Exercise

Medicinal Chemistry

Acid–Base Properties of Drug Molecules

Aqueous Solubility of Drugs

Partition Coefficient (Log P)

pH-partition theory

Drug–Receptor Interaction and Drug Action

Drug Stability

Prodrugs

Pharmacophore

Structure–Activity Relationships (SAR) in Relation to Drug–Target Interactions

Sulfonamides – Structure–Activity Relationships (SAR)

Barbiturates – Structure–Activity Relationships (SAR)

Benzodiazepines – Structure–Activity Relationships (SAR)

Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism

Phase 1 and Phase 2 Drug Metabolism Reactions

Drug–Drug Interactions

Drug Metabolism

Physicochemical Properties of Drug Molecules

Drug Stability (S)

Medicinal Chemistry

Exercise

Microbiology

Infectious Diseases

Microbiology Fundamentals

Principles of Host Resistance

Host–Pathogen Relationship

Microbial Invasion

General Infectious Disease Manifestations

Diseases - Upper Respiratory Tract

Table - Airborne Bacterial Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Table - Airborne Bacterial Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Skin & Soft-Tissue Infections

Table - Selected Fungal Diseases of Humans

Genitourinary Tract Infections / STDs

Gastrointestinal Infections & Enterotoxigenic Poisonings

Table - Foodborne and Waterborne Bacterial Diseases

Central Nervous System Infections

Intra-Abdominal Infections

Miscellaneous Infections

Microbiology

Exercise

PHARMACY FOUNDATION - 2

10 Exercises • 10 Learning Materials

Pharmacology

Mechanism of Action of Drugs

Molecular Targets of Drugs

Receptor Theory

Pharmacology in Drug Choice and Treatment of Disease

Pharmacodynamic Models

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationships

Drug–Target Interactions

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)

Drug Interactions with - Drug, Food, and Lab Tests

Drug Discovery and Development

Asthma / COPD

ASTHMA / COPD

Exercise

Coronary Artery Disease

Exercise

Hypertension

Exercise

Heart Failure

Exercise

Cardiac Arrhythmias

Exercise

Thromboembolic Disease

Exercise

Nervous System and Drugs

Exercise

Endocrine & Related Drugs

Exercise

Infectious Disease -1

Infectious Disease

Exercise

Infectious Disease -2

Infectious Disease - 2

Exercise

PHARMACY FOUNDATION - TEST SERIES

10 Exercises •

Test Series 1

Exercise

Test Series 2

Exercise

Test Series 3

Exercise

Test Series 4

Exercise

Test Series 5

Exercise

Test Series 6

Exercise

Test Series 7

Exercise

Test Series 8

Exercise

Test Series 9

Exercise

Test Series 10

Exercise

Course Instructor

Pharm Prep

81 Courses • 1258 Students